ZECK00RUS Site Information Form (site log) International GNSS Service See Instructions at: https://files.igs.org/pub/station/general/sitelog_instr.txt 0. Form Prepared by (full name) : IAA GNSS team (iaa_gnss@iaaras.ru) Date Prepared : 2023-10-19 Report Type : UPDATE If Update: Previous Site Log : zeck00rus_20230922.log Modified/Added Sections : 3.10, 3.11 1. Site Identification of the GNSS Monument Site Name : Zelenchukskaya / Russia Four Character ID : ZECK Monument Inscription : 201 IERS DOMES Number : 12351M001 CDP Number : (A4) Monument Description : CONCRETE PILLAR ON THE ROOF Height of the Monument : 1.0 m Monument Foundation : CONCRETE PILLAR ANCHORED ON THE ROOF Foundation Depth : (m) Marker Description : SURVEY MARKER BOLT Date Installed : 1997-07-11T00:00Z Geologic Characteristic : Clay, pebble, loam Bedrock Type : IGNEOUS Bedrock Condition : FRESH Fracture Spacing : 1-10 cm Fault zones nearby : (YES/NO/Name of the zone) Distance/activity : (multiple lines) Additional Information : Upper stratum (thickness 0.3 - 0.5 m) - : loamy soil : beneath (thickness 0.7 - 2.3 m) - : clay + detritus : beneath (thickness 3.5 m) - : pebble + loam : beneath (thickness 10 - 12 m) - : pebble + boulders + sand : terrace - Jurassic gray argillite with : sand interlayers. : Concrete pillar on flat roof of 2-story : laboratory building, mark 201, : 16 m above the ground. : The bedrock type is METAMORPHIC, also. 2. Site Location Information City or Town : Zelenchukskaya State or Province : Karachaevo-Cherkesia Country : Russian Federation (the) Tectonic Plate : EURASIAN Approximate Position (ITRF) X coordinate (m) : 3451175.150 Y coordinate (m) : 3060335.950 Z coordinate (m) : 4391955.970 Latitude (N is +) : +434718.21 Longitude (E is +) : +0413354.24 Elevation (m,ellips.) : 1167.0 Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3. GNSS Receiver Information 3.1 Receiver Type : ROGUE SNR-8000 Satellite System : GPS Serial Number : T317 Firmware Version : 3.2.32.4 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 1997-07-11T00:00Z Date Removed : 1997-11-28T00:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.2 Receiver Type : ROGUE SNR-8000 Satellite System : GPS Serial Number : T399 Firmware Version : 3.2.32.4 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 1997-11-28T00:00Z Date Removed : 1999-07-29T06:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.3 Receiver Type : ROGUE SNR-8000 Satellite System : GPS Serial Number : T399 Firmware Version : 3.2.32.9 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 1999-07-29T07:20Z Date Removed : 2001-07-12T13:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.4 Receiver Type : AOA SNR-8000 ACT Satellite System : GPS Serial Number : T-322U Firmware Version : 3.3.32.4 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 2001-07-12T13:00Z Date Removed : 2005-10-18T00:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.5 Receiver Type : ASHTECH Z-XII3 Satellite System : GPS Serial Number : LP02415 Firmware Version : CD00-1D02 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 2006-07-30T00:00Z Date Removed : 2011-08-18T11:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.6 Receiver Type : JAVAD TRE_G3TH DELTA Satellite System : GPS+GLO Serial Number : 00180 Firmware Version : 3.2.7 May,16,2011 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 2011-08-18T12:00Z Date Removed : 2020-12-24T08:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.7 Receiver Type : JAVAD TRE_3 DELTA Satellite System : GPS+GLO+GAL Serial Number : 02679 Firmware Version : 3.7.10 Oct,22,2020 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 2020-12-24T08:00Z Date Removed : 2021-01-20T09:30Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.8 Receiver Type : JAVAD TRE_3 DELTA Satellite System : GPS+GLO+GAL Serial Number : 02679 Firmware Version : 3.7.10 Oct,22,2020 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 3 deg Date Installed : 2021-01-20T09:30Z Date Removed : 2021-01-22T09:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.9 Receiver Type : JAVAD TRE_3 DELTA Satellite System : GPS+GLO+GAL Serial Number : 02679 Firmware Version : 3.7.10 Oct,22,2020 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 2021-01-22T09:00Z Date Removed : 2023-09-17T20:00Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.10 Receiver Type : JAVAD TRE_3 DELTA Satellite System : GPS+GLO+GAL Serial Number : 02679 Firmware Version : 4.2.01-220630 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 5 deg Date Installed : 2023-09-17T20:00Z Date Removed : 2023-10-19T12:30Z Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.11 Receiver Type : JAVAD TRE_3 DELTA Satellite System : GPS+GLO+GAL Serial Number : 02679 Firmware Version : 4.2.01-220630 Elevation Cutoff Setting : 0 deg Date Installed : 2023-10-19T12:30Z Date Removed : CCYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ Temperature Stabiliz. : (deg C) +/- (deg C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 3.x Receiver Type : (A20, from rcvr_ant.tab; see instructions) Satellite System : (GPS+GLO+GAL+BDS+QZSS+IRNSS+SBAS) Serial Number : (A20, but note the first A5 is used in SINEX) Firmware Version : (A11) Elevation Cutoff Setting : (deg) Date Installed : (CCYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ) Date Removed : (CCYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ) Temperature Stabiliz. : (none or tolerance in degrees C) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 4. GNSS Antenna Information 4.1 Antenna Type : AOAD/M_T NONE Serial Number : 289 Antenna Reference Point : BPA Marker->ARP Up Ecc. (m) : 0.0450 Marker->ARP North Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Marker->ARP East Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Alignment from True N : 0 deg Antenna Radome Type : NONE Radome Serial Number : Antenna Cable Type : RG 214 Antenna Cable Length : 30 m Date Installed : 1997-07-11T00:00Z Date Removed : 2001-07-12T13:00Z Additional Information : (multiple lines) 4.2 Antenna Type : AOAD/M_T NONE Serial Number : 290 Antenna Reference Point : BPA Marker->ARP Up Ecc. (m) : 0.0450 Marker->ARP North Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Marker->ARP East Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Alignment from True N : 0 deg Antenna Radome Type : NONE Radome Serial Number : Antenna Cable Type : RG 214 Antenna Cable Length : 30 m Date Installed : 2001-07-12T13:00Z Date Removed : 2005-10-18T00:00Z Additional Information : (multiple lines) 4.3 Antenna Type : ASH700936D_M SNOW Serial Number : CR13723 Antenna Reference Point : BPA Marker->ARP Up Ecc. (m) : 0.0450 Marker->ARP North Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Marker->ARP East Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Alignment from True N : 0 deg Antenna Radome Type : SNOW Radome Serial Number : Antenna Cable Type : RG 214 Antenna Cable Length : 30 m Date Installed : 2006-07-30T00:00Z Date Removed : 2010-06-08T10:29Z Additional Information : (multiple lines) 4.4 Antenna Type : ASH700936D_M NONE Serial Number : CR13723 Antenna Reference Point : BPA Marker->ARP Up Ecc. (m) : 0.0450 Marker->ARP North Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Marker->ARP East Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Alignment from True N : 0 deg Antenna Radome Type : NONE Radome Serial Number : Antenna Cable Type : RG 214 Antenna Cable Length : 30 m Date Installed : 2010-06-08T10:30Z Date Removed : 2010-07-26T06:09Z Additional Information : (multiple lines) 4.5 Antenna Type : ASH700936D_M SNOW Serial Number : CR13723 Antenna Reference Point : BPA Marker->ARP Up Ecc. (m) : 0.0450 Marker->ARP North Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Marker->ARP East Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Alignment from True N : 0 deg Antenna Radome Type : SNOW Radome Serial Number : Antenna Cable Type : RG 214 Antenna Cable Length : 30 m Date Installed : 2010-07-26T06:10Z Date Removed : 2011-08-18T11:00Z Additional Information : (multiple lines) 4.6 Antenna Type : JAVRINGANT_DM JVDM Serial Number : 00314 Antenna Reference Point : BPA Marker->ARP Up Ecc. (m) : 0.0450 Marker->ARP North Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Marker->ARP East Ecc(m) : 0.0000 Alignment from True N : 0 deg Antenna Radome Type : JVDM Radome Serial Number : NONE Antenna Cable Type : 8D-FB PEEG MIL-C-17D Antenna Cable Length : 30 m Date Installed : 2011-08-18T12:00Z Date Removed : CCYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ Additional Information : Degree Offset from North : < 5 4.x Antenna Type : (A20, from rcvr_ant.tab; see instructions) Serial Number : (A*, but note the first A5 is used in SINEX) Antenna Reference Point : (BPA/BCR/XXX from "antenna.gra"; see instr.) Marker->ARP Up Ecc. (m) : (F8.4) Marker->ARP North Ecc(m) : (F8.4) Marker->ARP East Ecc(m) : (F8.4) Alignment from True N : (deg; + is clockwise/east) Antenna Radome Type : (A4 from rcvr_ant.tab; see instructions) Radome Serial Number : Antenna Cable Type : (vendor & type number) Antenna Cable Length : (m) Date Installed : (CCYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ) Date Removed : (CCYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 5. Surveyed Local Ties 5.1 Tied Marker Name : 209 Tied Marker Usage : GPS Tied Marker CDP Number : (A4) Tied Marker DOMES Number : (A9) Differential Components from GNSS Marker to the tied monument (ITRS) dx (m) : 242.884 m dy (m) : -105.740 m dz (m) : -134.047 m Accuracy (mm) : 5 mm Survey method : GPS Date Measured : 1994-09-03T10:00Z Additional Information : measured with GPS in 1994; : ground mark; : was used as main Zelencukskaya mark : during PEKA'93 and PEKA'94 campaigns 5.x Tied Marker Name : Tied Marker Usage : (SLR/VLBI/LOCAL CONTROL/FOOTPRINT/etc) Tied Marker CDP Number : (A4) Tied Marker DOMES Number : (A9) Differential Components from GNSS Marker to the tied monument (ITRS) dx (m) : (m) dy (m) : (m) dz (m) : (m) Accuracy (mm) : (mm) Survey method : (GPS CAMPAIGN/TRILATERATION/TRIANGULATION/etc) Date Measured : (CCYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 6. Frequency Standard 6.1 Standard Type : EXTERNAL H-MASER Input Frequency : 5 MHz Effective Dates : 1997-07-11/1997-11-27 Notes : Rogue SNR-8000 S/N T317 : used H-Maser for input : reference oscillator 6.2 Standard Type : INTERNAL Input Frequency : (if external) Effective Dates : 1997-11-28/2009-05-12 Notes : (multiple lines) 6.3 Standard Type : EXTERNAL H-MASER CH1-80 Input Frequency : 5 MHz Effective Dates : 2009-05-13/2011-05-27 Notes : Use H-Maser for external : input reference oscillator 6.4 Standard Type : EXTERNAL H-MASER VCH-1003M Input Frequency : 5 MHz Effective Dates : 2011-05-28/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : Use H-Maser for external : input reference oscillator 6.x Standard Type : (INTERNAL or EXTERNAL H-MASER/CESIUM/etc) Input Frequency : (if external) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Notes : (multiple lines) 7. Collocation Information 7.1 Instrumentation Type : GLONASS RECEIVER Status : PERMANENT Effective Dates : 1993-02-18/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : Code only 7.2 Instrumentation Type : ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETER FG5#101 Status : MOBILE Effective Dates : 1994-06-27/1994-06-29 Notes : BKG measurements 7.3 Instrumentation Type : VLBI RADIO TELESCOPE RTF-32 Status : PERMANENT Effective Dates : 2001-02-01/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : (multiple lines) 7.4 Instrumentation Type : VLBI RADIO TELESCOPE RT-13 Status : PERMANENT Effective Dates : 2015-11-04/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : (multiple lines) 7.5 Instrumentation Type : SLR 1889 Status : PERMANENT Effective Dates : 2011-05-07/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : (multiple lines) 7.x Instrumentation Type : (GPS/GLONASS/DORIS/PRARE/SLR/VLBI/TIME/etc) Status : (PERMANENT/MOBILE) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Notes : (multiple lines) 8. Meteorological Instrumentation 8.1.1 Humidity Sensor Model : HUMICAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Qyi, Finland Serial Number : C2610018 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy (% rel h) : 3 % rel h Aspiration : NATURAL Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2007-07-10 Effective Dates : 2008-02-07/2011-07-02 Notes : (multiple lines) 8.1.2 Humidity Sensor Model : HUMICAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Qyi, Finland Serial Number : D5130011 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy (% rel h) : 3 % rel h Aspiration : NATURAL Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2011-01-01 Effective Dates : 2011-10-04/2023-03-16 Notes : Exact calibration date : in 2011 not known. 8.1.3 Humidity Sensor Model : HUMICAP180 Manufacturer : Vaisala Qyi, Finland Serial Number : U1450944 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy (% rel h) : 3 % rel h Aspiration : NATURAL Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2022-04-11 Effective Dates : 2023-03-16/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : The sensor is part of a Vaisala : WXT536 meteo station 8.1.x Humidity Sensor Model : Manufacturer : Serial Number : Data Sampling Interval : (sec) Accuracy (% rel h) : (% rel h) Aspiration : (UNASPIRATED/NATURAL/FAN/etc) Height Diff to Ant : (m) Calibration date : (CCYY-MM-DD) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Notes : (multiple lines) 8.2.1 Pressure Sensor Model : ATSAT-3M Manufacturer : NPO 'Typhoon', Obninsk, Russia Serial Number : 0019 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.7 hPa Height Diff to Ant : -8 m Calibration date : (CCYY-MM-DD) Effective Dates : 2000-01-01/2007-08-25 Notes : Data Frequency on request. : 1 sec - ... : Exact date in 2000 not known. 8.2.2 Pressure Sensor Model : BAROCAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Oyi, Finland Serial Number : C2610018 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.5 hPa Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2007-07-10 Effective Dates : 2008-02-07/2011-07-02 Notes : (multiple lines) 8.2.3 Pressure Sensor Model : BAROCAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Oyi, Finland Serial Number : D5130011 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.5 hPa Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2011-01-01 Effective Dates : 2011-10-04/2023-03-16 Notes : Exact calibration date : in 2011 not known. 8.2.4 Pressure Sensor Model : BAROCAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Oyi, Finland Serial Number : U1450944 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.5 hPa Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2022-04-11 Effective Dates : 2023-03-16/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : The sensor is part of a Vaisala : WXT536 meteo station 8.2.x Pressure Sensor Model : Manufacturer : Serial Number : Data Sampling Interval : (sec) Accuracy : (hPa) Height Diff to Ant : (m) Calibration date : (CCYY-MM-DD) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Notes : (multiple lines) 8.3.1 Temp. Sensor Model : ATSAT-3M Manufacturer : NPO 'Typhoon', Obninsk, Russia Serial Number : 0019 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.5 deg C Aspiration : NATURAL Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : (CCYY-MM-DD) Effective Dates : 2000-01-01/2007-08-25 Notes : Exact date in 2000 not known. 8.3.2 Temp. Sensor Model : THERMOCAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Oyi, Finland Serial Number : C2610018 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.3 deg C Aspiration : NATURAL Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2007-07-10 Effective Dates : 2008-02-07/2011-07-02 Notes : (multiple lines) 8.3.3 Temp. Sensor Model : THERMOCAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Oyi, Finland Serial Number : D5130011 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.3 deg C Aspiration : NATURAL Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2011-01-01 Effective Dates : 2011-10-04/2023-03-16 Notes : Exact calibration date : in 2011 not known. 8.3.4 Temp. Sensor Model : THERMOCAP Manufacturer : Vaisala Oyi, Finland Serial Number : U1450944 Data Sampling Interval : 900 sec Accuracy : 0.3 deg C Aspiration : NATURAL Height Diff to Ant : 2 m Calibration date : 2022-04-11 Effective Dates : 2023-03-16/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : The sensor is part of a Vaisala : WXT536 meteo station 8.3.x Temp. Sensor Model : Manufacturer : Serial Number : Data Sampling Interval : (sec) Accuracy : (deg C) Aspiration : (UNASPIRATED/NATURAL/FAN/etc) Height Diff to Ant : (m) Calibration date : (CCYY-MM-DD) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Notes : (multiple lines) 8.4.1 Water Vapor Radiometer : Absolute Water Vapor Radiometer Manufacturer : IAA RAS Serial Number : 001 Distance to Antenna : 14.5 m Height Diff to Ant : 0 m Calibration date : (CCYY-MM-DD) Effective Dates : 2014-11-09/CCYY-MM-DD Notes : (multiple lines) 8.4.x Water Vapor Radiometer : Manufacturer : Serial Number : Distance to Antenna : (m) Height Diff to Ant : (m) Calibration date : (CCYY-MM-DD) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Notes : (multiple lines) 8.5.x Other Instrumentation : (multiple lines) 9. Local Ongoing Conditions Possibly Affecting Computed Position 9.1.x Radio Interferences : (TV/CELL PHONE ANTENNA/RADAR/etc) Observed Degradations : (SN RATIO/DATA GAPS/etc) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 9.2.x Multipath Sources : (METAL ROOF/DOME/VLBI ANTENNA/etc) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 9.3.x Signal Obstructions : (TREES/BUILDINGS/etc) Effective Dates : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Additional Information : (multiple lines) 10. Local Episodic Effects Possibly Affecting Data Quality 10.x Date : (CCYY-MM-DD/CCYY-MM-DD) Event : (TREE CLEARING/CONSTRUCTION/etc) 11. On-Site, Point of Contact Agency Information Agency : Institute of Applied Astronomy Preferred Abbreviation : IAA Mailing Address : nab. Kutuzova 10 : 191187 St.Petersburg : Russian Federation (the) Primary Contact Contact Name : IAA GNSS team Telephone (primary) : Telephone (secondary) : Fax : E-mail : iaa_gnss@iaaras.ru Secondary Contact Contact Name : Vladimir Sharkov Telephone (primary) : +7 812 275-11-18 Telephone (secondary) : +7 812 275-10-24 Fax : +7 812 275-11-19 E-mail : vlash@iaaras.ru Additional Information : Andrey Dyakov at Zelenchukskaya : Phone +7-87878-53402 : Fax +7-87878-52970 : E-mail dyakov@iaaras.ru 12. Responsible Agency (if different from 11.) Agency : (multiple lines) Preferred Abbreviation : (A10) Mailing Address : (multiple lines) Primary Contact Contact Name : Telephone (primary) : Telephone (secondary) : Fax : E-mail : Secondary Contact Contact Name : Telephone (primary) : Telephone (secondary) : Fax : E-mail : Additional Information : (multiple lines) 13. More Information Primary Data Center : BKG Secondary Data Center : BEV URL for More Information : https://iaaras.ru Hardcopy on File Site Map : (Y or URL) Site Diagram : (Y or URL) Horizon Mask : (Y or URL) Monument Description : Y Site Pictures : Y Additional Information : (multiple lines) Antenna Graphics with Dimensions AOAD/M_T >From 1997-07-11 until 2005-10-18 ----- / + \ <-- 0.128 L2 | + | <-- 0.110 L1 +--------------------------------------------------+ <-- 0.102 TCR | | | | | | | | +-+--------------------------------------------------+-+ <-- 0.038 +-------------------+-------------+--------------------+ <-- 0.035 BCR | | =| | +------x------+ <-- 0.0 BPA=ARP <-- 0.381 --> ARP: Antenna Reference Point L1 : L1 Phase Center L2 : L2 Phase Center TCR: Top of Chokering BCR: Bottom of Chokering TGP: Top of Ground Plane BGP: Bottom of Ground Plane TPA: Top of Preamplifier BPA: Bottom of Preamplifier TOP: Top of Pole ASH700936D_M >From 2006-07-30 until 2011-08-18 ----- / + \ <-- 0.128 L2 | + | <-- 0.110 L1 +--------------------------------------------------+ <-- 0.102 TCR | | | | | | | | +-+--------------------------------------------------+-+ <-- 0.038 +-------------------+-------------+--------------------+ <-- 0.035 BCR | | =| | +------x------+ <-- 0.0 BPA=ARP <-- 0.381 --> JAVRINGANT_DM >From 2011-08-18 --------- / \ | | +-------------------------------------------------+ <-- 0.1015 TCR | | | | | | | | +-+-------------------------------------------------+-+ <-- 0.0379 +-------------------+-------------+-------------------+ <-- 0.0345 BCR | | | | +------x------+ <-- 0.0000 BPA=ARP <-- 0.1190 --> <-- 0.3800 --> ARP: Antenna Reference Point TCR: Top of Chokering BCR: Bottom of Chokering BPA: Bottom of Preamplifier All dimensions are in meters.